LIMIT DESIGN FOR SHEAR AND TORSION

Hard work must be smart work and based on the facts of data based mental exercise required for the design &scope of structural 

analysis and must be verified by linear elastic theory required to calculate the internal action produced by the design loads . In general where the torsional resistance or stiffness of members has not been taken into consideration in the analysis of structure no specific calculations for torsion will be necessary, adequate control of any torsional cracking being provided by the required nominal shear reinforcement to structure and where the torsional resistance or stiffness of the members is taken into account in the analysis, the members shall be designed for torsion. Torsional reinforcement is not calculated separately from that required for the bending and the shear reinforcement. Instead the total longitudinal reinforcement is determined for a fictitious bending moment which is a function of the actual bending moment and torsion. Similarly, web reinforcement is determined for a fictitious shear which is a function of the actual shear and torsion. If the shear stresses in a reinforced concrete section exceed the permissible value for a concrete mix, shear reinforcement is provided to resist the additional shear and where more than one type of shear reinforcement is used to reinforce the same portion of structure, the total shear resistance shall be computed as the sum of the resistance for the various types, separately, however the area of the stirrups shall not be less than the minimum specified, however in members of minor structural importance, where the minimum shear stress calculated is less than half the permissible value, this provision need not be complied with.