NO WORK SHOULD BE EXECUTED WITHOUT TECHNICAL LAY OUT PROGRAMMING OF THE QUALIFIED SITE ENGINEER, RESPONSIBLE TO FOLLOW SPECIFICATIONS AND INSTRUCTIONS OF THE DEPARTMENT.

It is necessary to prepare the project estimates for the works based as on the design &Scope of the execution of work, explained with the unusual features which require elucidation. Provision should also be made in the estimates for all incidental expenditure which can be foreseen and usual provision of five percent for contingencies based on the estimated cost of the work for unforeseen items and supervisory establishment including the tools and plants. It is also necessary to include for provision of survey work on temporary basis as per required demand at the site of work. So keeping in view the provision made in the estimates, it is necessary for the contractors to depute qualified Engineer at the major works and technical supervisors on the other RCC and repair works failing which it is difficult to follow specifications for the execution of works like premix surfacing of roads where camber and superelevation is required to be maintained during the road surfacing of works and thickness of the material laid for which the department is responsible to protect the accuracy of specifications in addition to other good qualities of the work where technical supervisor must be deputed by the contractor or the department as mortar mates are employed on the cement works or the RCC works, more over the contractors are working day and night at many places where correctness of the work could not be ignored or otherwise of the anology should be carefully tested for selected portions of the works. In particular analogies drawn from small works should never be relied upon for the preparation of the large projects. Departmental officers and contractors are responsible to follow specifications as laid in the provision of estimates for which estimated cost should be given Separately for each item of the work however lump sum provision should be deprecated and cost should be worked out in detail as for as practicable, so that no financial problem may be realised to complete the project estimate. The Heads of the department must realise all such problems of the supervision of works and issue necessary instructions on the papers where bituminous works too requires tentative temperature of the material used in the road surfacing in their texture as the bitumen acts as an adhesive between stone grit and road and these binders are required to be remained in the plastic condition so that the surfacing can accommodate itself without cracking to small movements induced in the road by temperature variations, moisture changes and traffic. Binders must also be sufficiently viscous and resilient possessing shock absorbing qualities required to resist the forces of traffic impact. Adhesion and viscosity are thus the important physical properties of road tars and bitumens however not suited to damp or water logged areas as regards road construction works. Both are however adversely affected by the action of weather.