WALLS , LOAD CARRYING CAPACITY AND MINIMUM REINFORCEMENT REQUIREMENTS DETERMINED BY THE CODES AND INDIAN STANDARDS (IS :1905 -1969) .

WALLS :-- (GENERAL DESCRIPTION) Where reinfoced concrete walls are intended to carry vertical loads , they should be designed generally in accordance with the recommendations given for the columns . The provisions with regards to transverse reinforcement to restrain the vertical bars against buckling need not to applied to walls in which the vertical bars are not assumed to assist in resisting compression.The minimum reinfocement shall be provided as per the provison made by the code for design requirements and the minimum thickness of the wall should not be less than 100 mm .LOAD CARRYING CAPACITY :-- The load carrying capacity of the walls shall be calculated as for the columns however the strength of the wall may be increased by the values give below:-- In case of the ratio of storey height to length of the wall 1.5 or more there is no need to increase the strength as designed for however it is required ten percent increase in the strength of ratio of storey height to length of wall is same and if it is less than 0.5 percent percentage increase in strength is required more than twenty percent. SLENDERNESS EFFECTS :-- When the effective height of the wall exceeds 12 times the wall thickness , the slenderness effects shall be considered as in the columns where the wall is stiffened by the cross walls , the slenderness ratio may be determined as per the schedule made in IS :1905-1969  NOTE :-- The length of the wall is the overall length or, where openings occur the length between the adjecent openings may be considered.As for as the reinforcement of walls shall be provided the minimum ratio of vertical reinforcement to gross concrete area it shall be 0.0012 for deformed bars not greater than 16 mm in diameter and 0.0015 for other type of the bars however it should be 0.0012 for welded wire fabric not larger than 16 mm in diameter.(b) Vertical reinfocement shall be spaced not farther apart than three times the wall thickness or 450 mm (c) The minimum ratio of horizontal reinfocement to gross concrete area shall be 0.0920 for deformed bars not greater than 16 mm in diameter and 0.0025 for other type of bars , and 0.0920 for welded wire fabric not greater than 16 mm in diameter.(d) Horizontal reinfocement shall be spaced not farther apart than three times the wall thickness or 450 mm .NOTE :-- The minimum reinfocement may not always be sufficient to provide the adequate resistance to the effects of shrinkage and temperature.