DETAILED ESTIMATE, AND STATEMENT OF THE MEASUREMENTS ALONG WITH GENERAL ABSTRACT OF COST ADOPTED FOR THE CORRECT EXECUTION OF WORK MUST BE APPROVED BY THE COMPETENT HIGHER AUTHORITY BEFORE START OF THE WORK/PROJECT.

While preparing the project estimate of the works detailed statement of measurements and quantities must be recorded by the department and the engineer in charge and for which a general abstract of cost must be prepared however in some departments rates are based on the plinth area basis or cubic contents of similar works previously built, but estimates framed on the basis of anologies from existing works are not very reliable and before this method is adopted the correctness or otherwise of the anology should be carefully tested for selected portions of the works. In particular analogies drawn from the small works should never be relied upon for the preparation of large projects. The total estimated cost should be given separately for each item. Provisions should be made in the estimates for all incidental expenditure which can be foreseen and also the following items where necessary:-- Cost of land, sheds for stores, or hiring of godown, huntments for workmen and pumping of water etc. It is too necessary to make the usual provision of five percent for contingencies on the estimated cost of works for unforeseen items. Provision for tools and plants and supervision must be taken in the estimates. Inclusion of lump sum provision should be deprecated and the costs should be worked out in the details as for as practicable and survey work if any must be included on temporary arrangements as per the demand and requirements of the project consideration. It is too necessary to base the estimates on the departmental schedule of rates and where any of the rates are not available in the schedule, it is necessary to make the own item of rates based on the schedule items and analysis of the new rate worked out with the estimate for check of item and it is also necessary to justify the all rates which are higher than the schedule rates and where rates are based on the actual market rates, ten percent contractors profile must be included. Detailed drawings on suitable scale along with site plan and reason for particular design and specifications chosen must be attached with the details of the estimate prepared and submitted for the sanction of the competent higher authority before start of the work.

GOVERNMENT DEPARTMENTS ARE RESPONSIBLE TO PREPARE THE INVENTORY REGISTER OF THE VARIOUS INFRASTRUCTURES, TIME TO TIME COMPLETED BY THE AGENCIES FOR CONSTRUCTION AND TOO RESPONSIBLE TO ISSUE COMPLETION CERTIFICATE OF THE STRUCTURE RAISED AT THE SITE OF WORK.

It is a matter of fact and concern that construction agencies of the various departments and particularly the RDD and Panchayati Raj are not preparing history sheet of the estimates related to their work and schemes for which the office staff is too responsible to prepare the report detailing to the scope of the work as well as reference of the authority ordering preparation of the estimate of the proposal approved by the competent higher authority including other correspondence on the subject matter deliberation required to be made fruitful for the community service for which the demand under public utility has been raised. As such all such cases are decided with the review under previous history of the case and the work, design and scope of the work, cost how to be financed and the object to be gained by the execution of the work. After completion of the work a completion certificate is required to be issued by the agency and the complete infrastructure based on drawing is handed over to the department or community service for which it is prepared and taken in the inventory register along with the full description of estimated cost, construction cost and agency for construction etc etc. As for as the department of RDD is concerned there is no inventory register in the Gram Panchayats from where previous history of the case and work, scope of the work and how it is financed may be obtained with the reason for adoption of the scheme/project or design in preference to the change in particular if unusual features which requires elucidation. As such it has become general practice of the PIOs to say that no information is available in the office for which the public authorities are responsible to prepare the inventory register of the schemes and projects including their object and description of execution so that in future previous history and reports may be attached if required for the purpose of repairs and the special repairs of the justifications for sanction and approval of the such works however the department of RDD is taking no cognisance of the incomplete works and stating that there is no information of the demand under public utility for which the letter issued by information officer cum panchayat/village level Information officer GP Gandhir Tehsil jhandutta District Bilaspur issued vide his number RTI -15 dated 22-11 -23 is proof where half portion of hume pipe culvert in Karaha Nallah has been prepared by the GP Gandhir tehsil jhandutta district Bilaspur but when the issue of subsidiary culvert for remaining portion raised by the community people through RTI welfare Association registered number HPCD 3552 Bilaspur Himachal Pradesh the information officer state way declined to supply information with the comments that there is no record of the hume pipe culvert even at the site of work only half portion of the cross section has been raised with the curtain walls and the wing walls however half portion still requires subsidiary culvert for crossing the nallah, where two number pipes of 900 mm dia laid for the construction of said culvert over Karaha Nallah joining SS School Gandhir with the Harijan Basti (Behal) sub village of Gandhir.

DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS REQUIRED FOR THE REINFORCED HUME PIPE CULVERTS.

A culvert is a small bridge structure of less than six metre span between faces of abutments and does not have generally two spans. The heading up of the water at the inlet should not go higher up than predetermined safe level, nor overtop the road embankment. The fixing of this level is the first step in the design and scope required to be assessed as such an opening running full gives less discharge than when running partially full. For small drainage crossings pipe culverts are often found in practice to be the most economical and easily constructed. These culverts can be easily enlarged subsequently to take more discharge by the addition of more than one or more pipes. Reinforced concrete pipes are more economical for sizes above 45 cm and under the heavy loads. The discharge through a circular opening is much more than through a rectangular opening of the same cross -sectional area, especially when running full, circular openings give more about 25 to 30 percent discharge than the rectangular. Pipe culverts should be laid on the firm bedding. The BM in circular culvert rings of pipe is treated as an arch for calculating stresses. The vertical load on half the section of the pipe treated as an arch is taken as uniformly distributed and filling over launches is neglected and the horizontal pressure is also ignored.

DESIGN & SCOPE OF THE SCHEMES MUST HAVE METICULOUS STUDY OF THE FINAL REVIEW BROUGHT ON THE RECORD OF THE COMPETENT HIGHER AUTHORITIY IN CASE OF THE CHANGE IN DATA REPORT RELATED TO THE PRELIMINARY SURVEY AND INVESTIGATION AT THE SITE OF WORK.

Design and scope of the major works taken in hand by the agency for construction must have proper re-examine before it is started as such data collected from the site of work should also be co related with the data sheet on the basis of which the structure has been designed by the design Engineers .Study conducted by the group of members working on the captioned subject matter deliberation required to be verified under code for construction clearly indicating that many major projects are kept pending due to failure of the construction parameters prefixed by the design and scope of the said works and structure becoming defective due to wrong interpretation of the Design and scope of the field data collected from the site of work and based on the record however not found correct during the course of construction by the agencies responsible for the construction work for which no change could be made without the prior approval of the competent higher authority for which the Department of construction is responsible to issue necessary addition and alteration of the original data and do the needful under code for construction and design of the Structures however neither the such shortcomings are reported to the Design wings of the department nor the construction agencies could be held responsible for the verification of original record of the data report sheets collected from the site of work during the course of preliminary survey and investigation of the schemes and projects list by way and virtue of which the infrastructure created and constructed from the system of meticulous study of the design and scope brought on the record of the papers and too developed at the site of work could not be constructed as specified by the code and specifications for which the appropriate vision of the field data must be related to the original design papers on the basis of which the tenders have been awarded to the construction agencies by the government or the department concerned.

FOCUS ON QUALITY EDUCATION IS NECESSARY TO STREAMLINE THE ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE PLAYING A KEY ROLE IN THE MODERN TECHNOLOGY RELATED TO THE CIVIL ENGINEERING

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IS NECESSARY UNDER VISION OF THE DESIGN AND SCOPE CREATED FOR THE AUTOMATION ENGINEERING (KNOWLEDGE)

Design criterion are very useful in the automation engineering of various aspects and prospects of the scope under artificial intelligence of the use and exercise of engineering knowledge and skill development course as per the survey conducted by the study of impact assessment realised by the experts design has always luring the career Avenue as much needed for experience in the technology related programming related to the job related placements required for competent candidates enabling the candidates fit for creating speed , efficiency and solutions to design the various projects and schemes related to the industrial revolution and other engineering projects.The experience hand personalities will develop faster movement and solutions with the meaningful alternative  if come forward with the artificial intelligence required for the improvement of design and scope making inroads careers in design have definitely got a new edge for which many courses can be made artificial intelligence after required duration of the study and course in the professional reforms.

MONITORING AND EVALUATION OF WORK AND CONDUCT BY RTI PROCESS IS NECESSARY UNDER LAW CODE MANUAL FURNISHED BY THE SYSTEM OF GOVERNANCE

DESIGN AND SCOPE OF THE SOCIAL AUDIT :--Social  audits are concerned not only on the schematic diagram, program, policies,laws and functions of the work and conduct of duty and responsibility but also related to the structure and estimated costs of the projects carried out by the agency for which appropriate Schedule of rate must be followed to conclude the expenditure incurred on the work done by the agency responsible to verify the specifications at site of work for which the engineer incharge must record a certificate that work has been done as per the standard specifications of the code and manual prefixed by the Authorities responsible to approve the design and scope of the work done by the agency .The Social audit of the said work may be conducted as per the requirement of the resource person demanding documentary evidences on behalf of the monitoring and evaluation of implementation of the planning as well as the execution of said project for which the demand of Social audit has been raised by the community. It is also necessary to protect the fundamental rights of the employment so given to the Society and community by the government so that people may be satisfied with the provision made and created for welfare of society and circle failing which there is no logic to demand the social audit report of any project or the scheme .The progress made by the agency during the course of time period allowed for completion of the work must be entered in the Measurement book to analyse the abstract of cost as per the DPR furnished and enhancement if any in the quantity or rate must be brought to the notice of competent higher authority for required sanction and approval of the higher authority so that it may be ensured that the estimates are realistic and the rates are found reasonable and no unnecessary items of works are being included in the abstract of cost finally approved by the public authorities, for which any RTI application may be filed under law code manual of the RTI act publications to get the documents verified and report may be furnished to the Project Director responsible for the Complaints and irregularities

CONTACT AND CREATION OF AWARENESS DRIVE MUST HAVE SUPPORT OF THE CITIZENS OF THE SOCIETY AND CIRCLE

RESPONSIBILITY OF A SOCIAL AUDITOR:-- The Social auditor should have complete understanding of the proposed scheme/ work .The Social auditor should also try to contact and create the awareness of the scheme among the community/ people of effected areas and the society and circle.The Social auditor should study the details for documentation and get familiar with the provision of the scheme to be verified and noticed Participation of the people should be ensured particularly working on the captioned subject matter deliberation required to highlight by the study of Social audit . Irregularities noticed by the study of protocol mentioned in the law code manual so observed should be brought to the notice of the department or the public authorities.A report should be prepared on the Social auditing of the process and procedure and must be published.The ideas and view points of the public/ community should be highlighted and must be brought to the notice of competent higher authority for required corrective measures of the wrong interpretation and after affects of the scheme to be prepared for the welfare of society and circle so that necessary picture of the Social auditing be publicly incorporated before the approval as sought by the study of protocol mentioned in the design and scope of the history sheet of the project/ schematic diagram showing the detailed information related to the citizens of society and circle or community for the service rendered