World Health Organisation recommends that drinking water should not contain more than 500 ppm of dissolved solids. Water is brackish if it contains over 1000 ppm, where as the Sea water contains 35000 ppm. (ppm is parts per million by weight and is equal to 0.0001pecent , Sea water contains from 3 to 4 percent by weight of salts, ie about 30 grams per litre. Saturation point is reached when 220 grams per litre are present. Further concentrations cause salts to be deposited. Acidity is caused by the decomposition of vegetable matter, free carbon dioxide mineral acids and sulphates of iron and aluminum and the acidity is measured in "pH " value and the pH scale runs from 0 to 14 with 7 as the point of absolute neutrality;distilled water has a pH value of 7 and water with pH value from 0 to 7 is acidic, and that with pH value of 7 to 14 alkaline
(pH value of strong caustic soda is about 13 and that of concentrated Sulphuric acid between 0 to 1 ) As such the pH value of a drinking water should be as close to 7.0 as economically feasible. The determination of pH value provides information concerning the corrosive character of water. Water with pH value of below 7 (acidic waters) can be improved by the addition of a small amount of soda ash or lime before admittance to the mains. Alkalinity also makes water tasteful but excessively acidic or alkaline waters are unfit for drinking and should be avoided. Alkalinity is also determined for the operation of water treatment of water plants as small alkalinity helps in the coagulation and sedimentation. The plants can be arranged for fully automatic operation including regeneration, after passage of a pre-determined quantity of water. When ordering a zeolite water softening plant, it is necessary to specify the hardness of water in ppm and the capacity desired. Zeolite softeners remove hundred percent of the hardness in water and for ground waters they often form the only treatment process. A better method is to do the softening first with the lime and soda process and then pass the water through a zeolite softener to remove the residual hardness. Water purification and treatment required for the removal of germs of diseases, solid impurities, taste, odour, colour, iron and mineral salts etc etc in general is adjusted suitably to characteristics of the raw water and the nature of impurities to be dealt with and the main treatment is required for contamination, corrosion turbidity,, taste and colour and for underground waters is for removal of hardness and scale forming salts, corrosive salts and excess iron and other minerals. The various processes involved in the purification of water are, storage, penetration of sun light into water, screening, sedimentation for sludge removal, coagulation/flocculation sterilisation, chlorination and super chlorination and break point chlorination. The pollution control Board working for the welfare of people in the state has issued some reports of the water existing in the Govind Sagar lake at Bilaspur Himachal pradesh showing suitability of water before use for drinking purposes with clarification after their analysis and investigation of the source of origin of supply for which the department of the I&PH has also given their comments on the captioned subject of demand and supply being responsible authority to do needful under law code manual prefixed by the codes for consideration in this behalf of the (Simple tests for detecting dangerous matters in water) but the comments and clarifications of the public authorities are clearly observing a demand of provision required to have a sewage treatment plant in the Bilaspur town and necessary for collection, treatment and discharge waste water providing a service essential to maintain environmental system and public health connectivity for human life and liberty , where there could be no compromise with the wrong process of dilution of sewer system and the department of Urban Development authority is responsible to prepare the estimate of said scheme and system for the maintenance of Bilaspur town and do needful in the interest of clean India and Green India movement of the Government of India working for the welfare of society and circle and doing needful under law code manual prefixed by the Constitution of India in this behalf:-- Er Fateh chand Guleria, RTI Welfare Association registered number HPCD, 3552 , Bilaspur Himachal pradesh phone number 9459334377
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