REINFORCEMENT IN WALLS

As per requirement of the code the minimum reinforcement in walls should be provided as below:-(1) The minimum quantity of the vertical reinforcement as a ratio of gross concrete area should be (a) 0.0012for deformed bars not larger than 16 mm in diameter and with a characteristic strength of 415 MPa or greater.(b) 0.0015 for other types of bars (c) 0.0012 for welded wire fabric not larger than 16 mm in diameter.(2) Vertical reinforcement may be provided in single layer in thin walls. However , it is suggested that in walls of thickness greater than 200 mm .It should be provided in two layers. Vertical reinforcement need not be enclosed by horizontal ties if they are not required as compression reinforcement.(3) The minimum quantity of the horizontal reinforcement as a ratio of gross concrete area should be :(a) 0.0020 for deformed bars not larger than 16 mm in diameter and with a characteristic strength of 415 MPa or greater .(b) 0.0025 for other types of bars .(c) 0.0020 for welded wire fabric not larger than 16 mm in diameter. (4) The spacing of vertical and horizontal reinforcement may not exceed three times the wall thickness or 450 mm which ever is less.(5) It is suggested that at least two 16 mm bars must be provided around all doors and windows openings .These bars must be extended for full development length beyond the corners of the openings.