RESEARCHERS HAVE SHOWN THAT THERE IS DANGER OF HEART ATTACK DUE TO THE USE OF SOFT WATER.

Researches have shown that there is a greater occurrence of the heart attacks in populations using soft water than those relying on hard water from wells, reservoirs and the rivers. Soft water, which is low in calcium and magnesium salts, tends to be more acidic than hard water. Distilled water, for example is 100 percent soft. Why such differences should be important to man's health is what baffles scientists, they offer, however, two possible explanations as described below:-- (1) Hard water could contain a factor that helps prevent attacks. This factor might be missing in soft water. (2) Soft and acidic water could leach cadmium and lead from water pipes and become harmful. Soft waters have corrosive action on a number of metals;dissolve lead from lead pipes and cisterns and become dangerous to the health. Soft water is flat and is tasteless where as a moderately hard water is more palatable and often a good drinking water. Soft water can be improved in taste by the addition of a little common salt or by oxidation. If water is allowed to fall over a series of weirs, or poured from one vessel to another several times allowing it to fall some distance through the air, this will improve its quality for the purpose of drinking and also help to purify it. Soft water feels smooth to the touch and readily forms a lather with soap, while hard water is rough to the skin and curdles a certain amount of soap before a lather is formed. The common practice to measure the hardness in terms of parts per million by weight-- in terms of calcium carbonate not exceeding 70 ppm. Is termed soft and above that it is termed hard. In public water supplies, it is customary to reduce carbonate hardness to 35 to 40 ppm and total hardness to between 50 to 100 ppm. A much softer water is needed to boiler

DESIGN &SCOPE AND THE CODE AND SPECIFICATIONS MUST BE FOLLOWED BY THE CONSTRUCTION AGENCIES BEFORE THE WORK IS TAKEN IN HAND.

Design parameters are required to be followed before the construction of work is taken in hand. During the recent heavy rain damages maximum number of houses have been collapsed because of the unplanned and undesigned building infrastructure. As for as the private sector damages are concerned the government has blamed the damages because of the faculty structutal design of houses and ignored angle of repose as such many and many houses were found collapsed as the houses were existing on the steep slopes and there was no consideration of the drainage where the foundations have been washed away due to heavy rain flooding and the indiscriminated construction of the infrastructures, washed away during the heavy rain damages occured so in the state. Many culverts and minor bridges have been collapsed because of the highest flood level unplanned upstream catchment area measurements and provision made for the design and scope of the type of construction and proposal for the span and HFL assessed by the construction agencies. The main reason of the disaster is found unplanned detailed project reports of the departments and the private sector has too ignored the fundamentals of engineering considerations. Buildings are constructed in the various classifications of the type and model however it is necessary to follow the fundamentals of engineering before the work is taken in hand by the construction agencies. Failing which structural deficiencies may harm the infrastructure at any stage of the ignorance of code and specifications used for the construction of schedule of the proposed infrastructure development projects and the system for design &scope.

RCC FOOTINGS ARE DESIGNED TO TRANSMIT LOAD OF STRUCTURE SUPPORTED BY COLUMNS OR WALLS TO SOIL.

RCC FOOTINGS AND FOUNDATIONS :-- RCC footings are provided to transmit the load of the structure supported by columns or walls to the soil .The design is based on the assumption that the foundation is rigid so that the variation of pressure under the foundation will be linear.The distribution of pressure will be uniform if the centroid of the footing coincides with the resultant of the applied loads .This conventional method holds good only in case of rigid foundation.Such an assumption becomes less and less accurate as the footings becomes relatively more flexible.The requirements in design of foundation are (1) The pressure on the soil should not exceed the bearing capacity of soil (2) The settlement of the structure should be with in the permissible limits .Further there should be no differential settlement. Wherever the possibility of the differential settlement occurs, the different portions of the structure should be made such as to settle independently of each other. The following types of foundation may be used as per the design criterion and design & scope of the bearing capacity and other conditions at the site of work required to be made provided with the RCC footings (1) Continuous footing for walls (2) Isolated footings (3) Combined footings (4) Strap footings (5) Mat or raft foundations (6) Pile foundations.

NODAL OFFICER DESIGNATED RESPONSIBLE FOR MONITORING PROGRESS AND REPORTING TO THE HOD/OFFICE, FOR THE CLEARANCE OF ARREARS.

ARREARS CLEARANCE CAMPAIGN:--It has been observed that despite the best efforts, sometime arrears in the department tend to accumulate. Accordingly, it is necessary to organise Arrears Clearance Campaigns to liquidate all pending cases by passing final orders, the word 'Final' meaning final decision by the authority competent to pass final orders. When ever such campaigns are organised, it is essential that one nodal officer is designated for the purpose, who should be responsible for:(1) taking a stock of all pending undecided work ;(2) gearing up the machinery for the execution of the programme and for this purpose organising meetings at periodical intervals to identify and remove bottlenecks and procedural problems;(3) issuing detailed directions to the field units and all the concerned staff;prescribing a method for the disposal of cases;(4) personal daily check of disposal by all concerned and specially by the officers in charge;(5) drawing up a well planned calendar of operation for attending to old cases on priority basis without letting the urgent current cases to suffer;and (6) monitoring progress and reporting to the Head of Department/Office.These are not rigid guidelines and the department can amplify or add to these guidelines depending upon their own peculiar circumstances by keeping in view the objective to be achieved. It must, however, be kept in view that final disposal of cases is a joint responsibility and has to be shared all along the line.The main responsibility will, however, rest with the decision taking authority and it will be for him to pass final orders in each case with in the shortest possible time before the end of such campaign.

THE CCS (CONDUCT) RULES, IMPOSE VARIOUS RESTRICTIONS ON THE RIGHTS CONFERRED BY ARTICLE 19(1) OF THE CONSTITUTION, IN SO FOR AS THE GOVERNMENT SERVANTS ARE CONCERNED.

Under rule 15,no Government servant shall, except with the previous sanction of the government and excepting works of social or charitable nature or literary, artistic or amateur nature, engage directly or indirectly in any trade or business or negotiate for or undertake any other employment;or take part in registration, promotion or management of any bank or other company or Cooperative society. Canvassing by a Government servant in support of the business of insurance agency, commission agency etc owned or managed by his wife or any other member of his family is deemed to be a breach of this Rule. Further, this Rule also provides that a Government servant should report to the Government if any member of his family is engaged in a trade or business or owns or manages an insurance agency or Commission agency. Under Rule 5,a Government servant shall neither be a member of, nor be otherwise associated with any political organisation or any organisation which takes part in politics nor take part in, subscribe in aid of, or assist in any manner any political movement or activity. Further this Rule also provides that no Government servant shall canvass or otherwise interfere with, or use his influence in connection with or take part in, an election to any legislature or local authority. Publication of an appeal or statement by any Government servant in the news papers supporting or opposing any political party or individual candidate in election to the legislature or local authority is a violation of the provisions of Rule 5 and the Government servant becomes liable for disciplinary action.

WOMEN'S RESERVATION IN THE EDUCATION AND JOB PLACEMENTS TOO NECESSARY, IN ADDITION TO THE PARLIAMENTARY RESERVATION, WHICH SHOULD NOT BE REPLACED BY ANY MEANS OF THE INTRODUCTION AND THE REPRESENTATION SO INCREASED BY THE MAJORITY VOTES.

Before the reservation in parliamentary democracy to women of country it is too necessary to raise the status of economic standard and social improvement of the dignity of class and gender working for the real service of every family in the country however still more than forty five percent women are working on the labour plateform of the workforce and too responsible to work for their families and the school going child. The issue of women's reservation is complicated under the provision of further reservation for specific categories of the class and gender . The women's groups working on the subject matter deliberation related to the parliamentary democracy of the country to reserve their seats on priority must reply to the general class and gender of the dignity about their quota in the education and qualifications as well as the job for their livelihood which is very necessary for the promotion of status of the general women's welfare and service for the society and circle, which would definitely improve the genuine retaining quotas demanded by the women's groups and class for the reservation at every placement, in addition to the reservation for the Parliamentary and Assembly constituencies. The reservation as proposed must have review on the issue as required for the real Upliftment of the women class of dignity, if ignored at this time of the necessitated necessity of the women reservation it would be difficult to get it done at the later stage of the demand for the women's reservation, as it would be accomplished after parliamentary reservation of the women in the country.

WORK IN EXTREME WEATHER CONDITIONS (UNDER-WATER CONCRETING).

Concreting under special conditions and work in extreme weather conditions, during hot or cold weather, the concreting should be done as per the procedure set out in IS:7861(part-1) and part-2. of 1975 . UNDER WATER CONCRETING:-- When it is necessary to deposit concrete under water, the methods, equipment materials and proportions of the mix to be used shall be submitted to and approved by the engineer incharge before the work is started. In no case shall such concrete be considered as"Design mix concrete "The concrete shall contain at least ten percent more cement than that required for the same mix placed in the dry, the quantity of extra cement varying with conditions of placing. The volume or mass of the course aggregate shall be not less than one and a half times, nor more than twice that of the fine aggregate. The materials shall be so proportioned as to produce a concrete having a slump of not less than 100 mm, and not more than 180 mm. Coffee dams or forms shall be sufficiently tight to ensure still water, if practicable, and in any case to reduce the flow of water to less than 3metre per minute through the space into which concrete is to be deposited. Coffer dams or forms in still water shall be sufficiently tight to prevent loss of mortar through the walls. Dewatering by pumping shall not be done while concrete is being placed or until 24 hours thereafter. Concrete shall be deposited continuously until it is brought to the required height. While depositing, the top surface shall be kept as nearly level as possible and the formation of seams. avoided. The methods to be used for depositing concrete under water shall be one of the following (a) Tremie (b) Drop bottom bucket (c) Bags (d) Grouting.