NEW ROADS DO NOT CREATES MANY PROBLEMS WHILE PREPARING THE ALIGNMENT EXCEPT IN A HILLY AND MOUNTAINOUS AREA MAY CALL FOR THE SPECIAL SKILL .

As for as the Survey and alignments of a new road is concern no major problems are being faced in the plains except to treatment of the Embankment slopes required for the erosion control however as for as the hilly areas are concerned in mountainous areas it may call for the special skill .The aim is to establish the easiest and shortest as well as the most economical line of communication between the obligatory points which will have the minimum cost of construction and the maintenance.In trying to reduce the cost of construction it is false economy to lower down the standard of alignment and the grade of the road .Sharp curves and the steep gradients should be avoided and balancings , cutting and fillings obtained as for as possible and the road alignment should be on the high ground or ridge to ensure the good drainage works .Sometimes the length of the route will necessitate increase ,which should be done only within the economical limits of the motive power and the extra construction and maintenance cost of road so required for good gradients and easy curves in the proposal made .Of recent years greater attention has been paid to fitting the road into the landscape,and doing the all possible to preserve the beauty of the road sides .It is usually agreed that this is best done by the use of long sweeping curves , both vertical and horizontal,and by avoiding the hard lines .In laying down the minimum vertical and horizontal curves the basic idea is that a reasonably long section of any road should permit of the same speed being maintained throughout the length and a series of large radius vertical curves are much more economical . Reconnaissance in mountainous area and circle is better run from the summit downward, Particular notice should be taken of suitable places for turns Long stretches in one direction before reversal are preferable.The alignment of a hill road should be on the side of the rock which is sound and solid .The dip of strata in the side of hill should not be towards the road otherwise land slides would occur and there should also be no inclined fissures .