WHERE BEARING CAPACITY OF MADE -UP GROUND IS FOUND SATISFACTORY, WIDE STRIP FOOTINGS ARE SUGGESTED TO DISTRIBUTE THE LOAD .

BUILDING ON MADE -UP GROUND OR FILLING:-- The support afforded by made up ground depends on the composition of filling material,it's depth the manner in which it was placed and the degree of consolidation it has attained.Fills of fine grained materials ,like very fine sands ,silty soils ,clays , loosely tipped and not properly compacted during placing take a very long time for consolidation.Occasoonal rolling on the top surface makes very little difference,since this can only compact the upper 30 cm or so and leaves the main body of the fill loose.It is always advisable to put test pits down into the fill and by inspection of the sides to estimate the extent to which the natural compaction has taken place .If the fill is composed of hard granular materials it is likely to give good support.If large voids are found,the consolidation is obviously poor .Most fills will be found inadequate to support any heavy structures .Where bearing capacity of made up ground is consolidated to be good,wide strip footings may be sufficient to distribute the load ,they should be well reinforced in both top and bottom.When the fill is loose and of poor supporting value it is usually best to take the foundations through to firm natural ground below by means of piers or piles and to carry the structure on beams spanning between them ,well tied together with the piers or piles . Placing a building partly on natural ground and partly on fill should be avoided. As for as the filling of depression is concerned when placing the new fills , water in ponds or depressions should be drained away .The first layer placed in a new fill should preferably be of granular nature ,so that it may serve as a drainage layer at the base of the fill.If there is only a limited amount of good granular material, it will be best to use the granular material in layers interposed between layers of poor fill .With clay fills the top layer also should consists of good granular material.Fills should be rolled in thin layers of 23 cm to 30 cm .