IN ADDITION TO THE PERSONAL INSPECTION, THE DESIGN DATA HAVE TO BE COLLECTED FOR THE SATISFACTORY DESIGNING OF THE STRUCTURE.

For small size structures , RCC pipe culverts with single or double pipes , depending upon the discharge may be used as far as possible, as they are likely to prove comparatively cheaper than the slab culverts.In the case of a RCC slab if required to be proposed and used at the crossing it's dimensions and reinforcement details should conform as per the guidelines given in IRC special publications 13 and the above drawings are designed for the structures required for one lane of IRC Class 70 R or two lanes of IRC Class A loading,which ever is severer.As for as the pipe culverts of 1 metre dia , with single or double pipes having cement concrete or granular materials in bed may be taken for construction,IRC Class 70 R or 2 lanes of Class A loading. As for as the width of Roadway is concerned the length of a culvert (along the direction of flow) should be such that the distance between the outer faces of the parapets will equal to the full designed width of the formation of the road .Any proposed widening of the road formation in the near future should also be taken in to account in fixing the width of the culvert .As for as the Wing walls and the Return Walls concerned, Long and hefty wing walls should be avoided .Where the foundations of the wing walls can be stepped up, having regard to the soil profile,this should be done for the shake of economy .Quite often short return walls meet the requirements of the case and should be adopted .The base widths of the abutment and the pier depends upon the bearing capacity of the soil .The pressure at the toe of the abutment should be worked out to ensure that the soil is not overstressed .