RETAINING WALL WITH BACK ANCHORING.

Retaining wall with back anchoring,when the earth to be retained is of considerable height, anchor rods are provided at the back of the wall approximately at 1/3 Rd the height of the retaining wall to reduce the BM and SF in the vertical slab where by sections are much reduced.The anchor rods are embedded in the concrete block of sufficient area and situated beyond the plane of rupture so that the frictional force on the concrete block exceeds the tension in the rod .The area of rod is obtained by dividing tensile force in rod T by allowable stress which may be taken as 140 N /mm square.The tension in the rod is found by assuming the BM at the foot of the stem as zero .The rod is connected to the stem through vertical beams or horizontal beam.A vertical beam is designed as Cantilever. Above the rod it is subjected to earth pressure taken by the stem between two beams and below the rod it is subjected to earth pressure taken by the stem between two beams and below the rod it is subjected to earth pressure taken by stem between the beams and the tensile force in tie rod .Incase of connection of rod to horizontal beams the stem is designed to act as Cantilever subjected to earth pressure above the horizontal beam.The portion below the horizontal beam is designed as Cantilever subjected to earth pressure and the force in the rod .The horizontal beam is designed as a continuous beam supported by the tie rods.The base is subjected to load of earth on the heal self load of the stem and base and any difference horizontal earth pressure and the tension in the tie rod .